Toxicity
Poisoning due to exposure or ingestion of toxins or harmful substances
Toxicities occur when pets come in contact with or eat a substance with harmful effects. A toxicity can cause a variety of symptoms in pets that are dependent on the type of toxin and the body system(s) affected.
Signs may include:
- Gastrointestinal signs: Look out for vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, or loss of appetite
- Neurological signs: Watch for unusual behavior, disorientation, seizures, tremors, or difficulty walking. These symptoms may suggest the presence of a neurotoxic substance.
- Respiratory signs: Rapid or labored breathing, coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing could be signs of respiratory toxicity
- Bleeding disorders: Watch for pinpoint red spots (petechiae) on the gums or belly, pale gums indicating bleeding, widespread bruising, or prolonged bleeding that won't stop
- Lethargy or decreased activity level
Cats often show more subtle signs of toxicity, such as:
- Increased hiding
- Reduced grooming
- Changes in vocalization
- Changes in litter box habits, including urinating outside the box
Moreover, certain substances can affect cats more strongly than dogs. Pet parents should educate themselves on which common toxins are particularly dangerous to felines.
Some toxicities can lead to more severe health conditions, such as organ damage or metabolic disturbances.
It's also important to note that the effect of some toxicities may not be immediately apparent, so it is essential to seek immediate veterinary attention if you suspect your pet has ingested or been exposed to a toxic substance.
When you visit your veterinarian for concerns related to toxicity, the following may occur:
- Medical history: They will take a detailed medical history, including any witnessed ingestion of toxins, observed signs and their duration.
- Physical examination: The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination of your pet, checking for any abnormalities and signs of toxicity.
- Diagnostic testing: Diagnostic testing such as blood tests or urinalysis may be recommended to evaluate the presence and effects of the toxic substance.
- Treatment options: Treatment options for toxicity can vary depending on the type of toxin and its severity. It may involve supportive care, such as intravenous fluids, medications to control symptoms, procedures to remove the toxin from your pet's system, or activated charcoal to bind and remove toxins. In severe cases, more aggressive interventions, like hospitalization or antidote administration, may be necessary. Calling an animal poison control teletriage service to consult with toxicity experts is often helpful for you and the veterinarian treating your pet.
- Monitoring and observation: Your pet may require close monitoring during the initial phase of treatment. The veterinary care team will assess your pet's response to treatment and adjust as needed.
- Follow-up care: Your veterinarian will discuss a follow-up plan, which may involve monitoring your pet's progress, additional tests, or adjustments to the treatment regimen.
Your veterinary healthcare team will partner with you to decide which treatment option is best for your pet's and your family’s specific condition and situation.
Preventing toxicity incidents can help keep your pet safe. Here are some preventive measures you can take at home:
- Secure household hazards: Keep cleaning products, medications (especially pet or human formulas that are flavored), chemicals, and toxic plants safely stored out of your pet's reach. This is particularly important for cats; ensure houseplants are non-toxic and consider keeping cats indoors.
- Properly dispose of waste: Dispose of trash, including food scraps and hazardous materials, in securely covered bins to prevent accidental ingestion.
- Be cautious with food: Avoid feeding your pet foods that are toxic to them, such as chocolate, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, and foods containing certain artificial sweeteners such as xylitol.
- Know your plants: Familiarize yourself with common toxic plants (e.g., lilies, sago palm) and ensure they are not accessible to your pet, especially for cats who might be inclined to explore and nibble.
- Restrict access to dangerous areas: Prevent your pet from entering garages, sheds, or other areas where they may encounter toxic substances.
- Pet-proof your yard: Remove or secure potentially toxic substances such as fertilizers, pesticides, rodenticides, and antifreeze.
- Supervise your pet: Monitor your pet during walks or outings to prevent them from ingesting harmful substances.
Please note that the information provided here is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you suspect your pet has ingested or been exposed to a toxic substance, it's important to seek immediate veterinary care to ensure prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment to promote the best possible outcome for your pet's recovery.